Adenovirus symptoms usually mild but can be serious in the immunocompromised

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Dr. Katelyn Powell is a family practice physician and part of the Family Medicine Residency.

Adenovirus may be an unfamiliar term, especially to the parents of young children. Truth is, however, it is fairly common.

"It's a broad term - adenoviruses, and it has multiple strains," said Dr. Katelyn Powell, a family medicine physician and part of the Family Medicine Residency. "With different strains, there can be different symptoms."

Researchers have identified about 50 types of adenoviruses that can infect humans. These infections occur throughout the year, but they tend to peak in the winter and early springtime.

Any age can experience adenovirus, but it is most prevalent in children and the immunocompromised. It is highly contagious.

"It can spread easily in daycares and other crowded environments," Powell said.

The virus also commonly spreads in nursing homes.

Ways adenovirus can spread include from person to person through shaking hands, hugging or kissing; through sneezing and coughing, which release respiratory droplets that can transfer to others through the air; or by touching contaminated surfaces then touching your eyes, nose or mouth before washing your hands.

Because adenoviruses are resistant to many common disinfectants, they can remain infectious on surfaces for a long time.

Adenovirus cases are often minor and resolve on their own. But those of any age who have weakened immune systems or existing respiratory or cardiac issues are at much greater risk for complications.

"Typically, most cases of adenovirus are respiratory or gastrointestinal in nature," Powell said. "Symptoms are often mild - cold- or flu-like."

Depending on the type of adenovirus, symptoms may include:

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Respiratory – sore throat, cough, fever, bronchitis or pneumonia.

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Gastrointestinal – acute gastroenteritis, which can include diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and abdominal pain.

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Conjunctivitis (pink eye) may also be a symptom of adenovirus, as well as bladder infection or inflammation.

"Because antibiotics are not given for viruses, the best treatment for adenovirus is supportive care/treating symptomatically," Powell said. "That includes getting plenty of rest, staying well hydrated and taking over-the-counter medication for fever."

In some more severe cases, a patient may require oxygen support or IV hydration.

"Red flags would include respiratory distress, like rapid breathing or chest retraction; severe vomiting and/or diarrhea; high temperatures," Powell said. "With these red flags, seek medical care sooner than later."

Practicing good hygiene - washing hands frequently with soap and water, disinfecting common surfaces, avoiding touching eyes, nose or mouth - can help keep adenovirus at bay.

"Mild symptoms should resolve in seven to 10 days," Powell said. "More severe symptoms may last one to two weeks."

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